Geological history began in the 4th century BC when Aristotle studied rocks and their influence on the environment.
The term geology comes from the ancient Greek GE which means Earth and Logos which means science.
In the 17th century, Nicholas Steno, a Danish scientist, developed the principle of stratigraphy which states that the oldest rock layer is under a younger rock layer.
James Hutton, a Scottish geologist, is considered the father of modern geology because of his theory of rock cycles and geological processes that lasted for millions of years.
Charles Darwin, better known as the father of the theory of evolution, also conducts geological research and finds evidence of geological and biological changes that occurred for a long time.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, developed a theory of continental movements (pangaea) which was later accepted as the theory of tectonic plates.
In 1961, John Tuzo Wilson, a Canadian geologist, developed a theory of tectonic plates and introduced the term transform fault.
In recent years, satellite mapping and monitoring technology has allowed scientists to learn and understand more about the dynamics of the earth and geology.
Geological studies are very important in identifying natural resources such as petroleum, natural gas, and minerals.
Geology also plays an important role in understanding and mitigating the risk of natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and floods.
