The Middle Age in Indonesia began in the 8th to 16th centuries, especially in the regions of Java and Sumatra.
Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom, such as the Kingdom of Srivijaya and the Majapahit Kingdom, became the center of culture and trade in the archipelago at this time.
The Middle Age of Indonesia is also known as the golden age of art and architecture, such as Borobudur and Prambanan temples.
In the 13th century, Marco Polo, an explorer from Italy, visited ports in the archipelago and recorded about life there.
In the 14th century, a Muslim sailor from Morocco named Ibn Battuta also visited Indonesia and wrote about his experience there.
Sultan Agung from Mataram became one of the important figures at this time because it succeeded in uniting the Javanese territory and building a strong kingdom.
At the end of the 16th century, the Portuguese began to control the spice trade in the archipelago and built fortresses in coastal areas.
In the 17th century, the VOC (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie) became the dominant force in the archipelago and controlled the spice trade.
In the early 19th century, Indonesia began to become the center of the struggle for independence from the Dutch colonialism.
In 1945, Indonesia succeeded in proclaiming its independence and becoming an independent state.
